Merge duplicate SPF records
spf-multiple-records
Two SPF records is a permanent error, so receivers ignore both and your domain ends up unprotected. Merge them into a single TXT record.
Why this matters
Multiple SPF records cancel each other out, effectively removing sender restrictions. Enables phishing via spoofing but is not direct system exploitation.
CDN and edge
Cloudflare
- 1 Go to DNS > Records
- 2 Find all TXT records starting with v=spf1
- 3 Delete all but one, then merge the include: directives into the remaining record
# WRONG: two separate SPF records
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all
v=spf1 include:amazonses.com ~all
# RIGHT: one merged record
v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:amazonses.com -allDoes your app still have this?
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